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Mahmud Qabadu (1812–1872) of Tunisia, also Muhammad Qabadu,〔The French transliteration of his Arabic name is ''Kabadou''.〕 was a scholar of Quranic studies, a progressive member of the ulama, and a long-time professor at the Zaytuna mosque academy. Shaykh Mahmūd Qabādū served as a qadi to the chief judge and latter as mufti in Tunis. He was as well a poet. ==Life and career== When young, Mahmud Qabadu left Tunisia to study at a sufi center in Tripolitania, that of the ''Madaniyya'' tarika, a branch of the Darqawa.〔The ''Madaniyya'' sufis stem from the tarika founded by Ad-Darqāwī (1760–1823) of Fez; later the ''Madaniyya'' branch was formed in Tripoli by al-Madanī (d.1846). Trimingham (1971) at 110–113, 126.〕 Eventually he traveled to Istanbul. There he became associated with the leading jurist 'Arif Bey, who was the ''shaykh al-Islam'' (Turkish: ''seyhul-islam''), and who was also was a partisan of the Tanzimat reforms then at issue in the Ottoman Empire.〔Hourani (1962) at 91: Ottoman ''Tanzimat'' in Tunisia.〕 In 1842 the Tunisian ruler Ahmed Bey, himself a reformer, sent his private secretary (probably Bin Diyaf) to Istanbul in order to offer Mahmud Qabadu a post at the new Bardo Military Academy (''al-Maktab al-Harbi'') in Tunis. Qabadu accepted, and returned to Tunis, becoming professor of Arabic and Islamic studies.〔Clancy-Smith (2011) at 322: Darqawa sufis, Ottoman jurist, Bardo academy.〕〔Green (1978) at 106.〕 For many years he taught as "one of the most preeminent teachers" not only at the Bardo, but also at the Zaytuna mosque-university in Tunis.〔Clancy-Smith (2011) at 322–323.〕 At Zitouna, Mahmud Qabadu and others molded its educational development along the lines of an Islamic reform.〔Hourani (1962) at 65.〕〔Laroui (1970, 1977) at 359. Others included Muhammed Bayram. Here Laroui mentions influence by the Egyptian Muhammad 'Abduh.〕 The governmental and social changes initiated under Ahmed Bey stamped the era as one of modernizing reform in Tunisia. Qabadu became an important insider of the reforming 'party' led by the bey's minister Khair al-Din.〔Cf., Hourani (1962) at 65–66.〕 These reforms continued under the next two rulers, Muhammad Bey and Sadok Bey. Much later this reform era, including Qabadu's contributions, formed an historic platform for the construction of further republican reforms after independence.〔Powel and Sadiki (2010) at 8, 26.〕 During the course of his career, Shaykh Madmud Qabadu served in the shari'a judiciary as qadi to the chief judge at the Bardo. After 1868, Qabadu at Tunis was mufti of the Maliki rite (or Maliki 'school of law'). As one "of the eariest and most respected of Tunisia's religious reformers" and while serving as mufti, Qabadu, a "devout mystic," also continued as a sufi leader.〔Green (1978) at 59, 62.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mahmud Qabadu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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